GerminaR

Flavio Lozano-Isla

GerminaR is a platform base in open source package to calculate and graphic the main germination indices in R. GerminaR include a web application called “GerminQuant for R” for interactive analysis.

Analysis for the germination experiment can follow a routine. The functions will de explain according to the data set included in the GerminaR package: “prosopis”.

  1. Install and load the GerminaR package. Load the “prosopis” dataset on your session. In case of using another dataset, you can load your own data and proceed according to the following script:
# Install packages and dependencies

library(GerminaR)

# load data

fb <- prosopis

# Prosopis data set

fb %>% 
   head(10) %>% 
   kable(caption = "Prosopis dataset")
Prosopis dataset
rep nacl temp seeds D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
1 0.0 25 50 0 39 8 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0.0 25 50 0 40 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0.0 25 50 0 34 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 0.0 25 50 0 43 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0.0 30 50 0 48 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0.0 30 50 0 47 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0.0 30 50 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 0.0 30 50 0 49 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0.5 25 50 0 10 37 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0.5 25 50 0 18 30 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
  1. Calculate the germination indices and perform the ANOVA and the mean comparison tests. The user can generate the graphs, expressing their results, which can be either of bars or lines graphics.

# germination analysis (ten variables)

gsm <- ger_summary(factors = c("rep", "nacl", "temp")
                   , SeedN = "seeds"
                   , evalName = "D"
                   , cumulative = FALSE
                   , data = fb
                   )

# Prosopis data set processed

gsm %>% 
  head(10) %>% 
  mutate(across(where(is.numeric), ~round(., 2))) %>% 
  kable(caption = "Function ger_summary performe ten germination indices")
Function ger_summary performe ten germination indices
rep nacl temp seeds grs grp mgt mgr gsp unc syn vgt sdg cvg
1 0 25 50 50 100 1.28 0.78 78.12 0.95 0.63 0.33 0.57 44.75
2 0 25 50 50 100 1.22 0.82 81.97 0.82 0.67 0.22 0.46 38.09
3 0 25 50 50 100 1.32 0.76 75.76 0.90 0.56 0.22 0.47 35.70
4 0 25 50 50 100 1.14 0.88 87.72 0.58 0.75 0.12 0.35 30.75
1 0 30 50 50 100 1.04 0.96 96.15 0.24 0.92 0.04 0.20 19.03
2 0 30 50 50 100 1.06 0.94 94.34 0.33 0.88 0.06 0.24 22.63
3 0 30 50 50 100 1.00 1.00 100.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 0 30 50 50 100 1.02 0.98 98.04 0.14 0.96 0.02 0.14 13.86
1 0.5 25 50 50 100 1.90 0.53 52.63 1.08 0.58 0.38 0.61 32.34
2 0.5 25 50 50 100 1.70 0.59 58.82 1.20 0.48 0.38 0.61 36.14

Punctual analysis of germination

Germination percentage


## Germination Percentage (GRP)

# analysis of variance

av <- aov(grp ~ nacl*temp + rep, data = gsm)

# mean comparison test

mc_grp <- ger_testcomp(aov = av
                       , comp = c("temp", "nacl")
                       , type = "snk"
                       )

# data result

mc_grp$table %>% 
   kable(caption = "Germination percentage mean comparision")
Germination percentage mean comparision
temp nacl grp std r ste se min max sig
25 0 100.0 0.000000 4 0.0000000 0.8413648 100 100 a
25 0.5 100.0 0.000000 4 0.0000000 0.8413648 100 100 a
25 1 96.0 1.632993 4 0.8164966 0.8413648 94 98 abc
25 1.5 96.0 1.632993 4 0.8164966 0.8413648 94 98 abc
25 2 94.5 2.516611 4 1.2583057 0.8413648 92 98 bc
30 0 100.0 0.000000 4 0.0000000 0.8413648 100 100 a
30 0.5 100.0 0.000000 4 0.0000000 0.8413648 100 100 a
30 1 98.5 1.914854 4 0.9574271 0.8413648 96 100 a
30 1.5 98.5 3.000000 4 1.5000000 0.8413648 94 100 a
30 2 94.0 1.632993 4 0.8164966 0.8413648 92 96 c
35 0 100.0 0.000000 4 0.0000000 0.8413648 100 100 a
35 0.5 98.0 2.309401 4 1.1547005 0.8413648 96 100 ab
35 1 96.0 2.828427 4 1.4142136 0.8413648 92 98 abc
35 1.5 98.5 1.914854 4 0.9574271 0.8413648 96 100 a
35 2 20.0 1.632993 4 0.8164966 0.8413648 18 22 d
40 0 100.0 0.000000 4 0.0000000 0.8413648 100 100 a
40 0.5 96.0 1.632993 4 0.8164966 0.8413648 94 98 abc
40 1 98.5 1.914854 4 0.9574271 0.8413648 96 100 a
40 1.5 10.5 1.914854 4 0.9574271 0.8413648 8 12 e
40 2 0.0 0.000000 4 0.0000000 0.8413648 0 0 f

Germination experiment with Prosopis juliflor under different osmotic potentials and temperatures. Bar graph with germination percentage in a factorial analisys


# bar graphics for germination percentage

grp <- mc_grp$table %>% 
   fplot(data = .
       , type = "bar"
       , x = "temp"
       , y = "grp"
       , group = "nacl"
       , ylimits = c(0, 140, 30)
       , ylab = "Germination ('%')"
       , xlab = "Temperature"
       , glab = "NaCl (MPa)"
       , error = "ste"
       , sig = "sig"
       , color = F
       )

grp

Germination experiment with Prosopis juliflor under different osmotic potentials and temperatures. Bar graph with germination percentage in a factorial analisys

Mean germination time


## Mean Germination Time (MGT)

# analysis of variance

av <- aov(mgt ~ nacl*temp + rep, data = gsm)

# mean comparison test

mc_mgt <- ger_testcomp(aov = av
                       , comp = c("temp", "nacl")
                       , type = "snk")

# data result

mc_mgt$table %>% 
   kable(caption = "Mean germination time comparison")
Mean germination time comparison
temp nacl mgt std r ste se min max sig
25 0 1.240000 0.0783156 4 0.0391578 0.073785 1.140000 1.320000 j
25 0.5 1.830000 0.0901850 4 0.0450925 0.073785 1.700000 1.900000 i
25 1 2.701218 0.1512339 4 0.0756169 0.073785 2.531915 2.897959 g
25 1.5 5.442365 0.0415525 4 0.0207763 0.073785 5.382979 5.479167 c
25 2 6.523349 0.3068542 4 0.1534271 0.073785 6.063830 6.695652 b
30 0 1.030000 0.0258199 4 0.0129099 0.073785 1.000000 1.060000 j
30 0.5 1.100000 0.0432049 4 0.0216025 0.073785 1.060000 1.160000 j
30 1 1.898129 0.0609184 4 0.0304592 0.073785 1.833333 1.959184 i
30 1.5 2.994362 0.1138473 4 0.0569236 0.073785 2.900000 3.160000 f
30 2 4.388259 0.0676715 4 0.0338357 0.073785 4.326087 4.446809 d
35 0 1.015000 0.0191485 4 0.0095743 0.073785 1.000000 1.040000 j
35 0.5 1.076250 0.0291905 4 0.0145952 0.073785 1.060000 1.120000 j
35 1 1.817607 0.2398098 4 0.1199049 0.073785 1.653061 2.173913 i
35 1.5 3.370480 0.0159689 4 0.0079844 0.073785 3.354167 3.387755 e
35 2 6.984343 0.3784214 4 0.1892107 0.073785 6.555556 7.400000 a
40 0 1.035000 0.0191485 4 0.0095743 0.073785 1.020000 1.060000 j
40 0.5 2.327648 0.0512449 4 0.0256225 0.073785 2.255319 2.375000 h
40 1 2.728780 0.1714562 4 0.0857281 0.073785 2.520833 2.940000 g
40 1.5 3.287500 0.1012651 4 0.0506326 0.073785 3.166667 3.400000 e

Germination experiment with Prosopis juliflor under different osmotic potentials and temperatures. Bar graph for mean germination time in a factorial analisys.


# bar graphics for mean germination time

mgt <- mc_mgt$table %>% 
   fplot(data = .
       , type = "bar" 
       , x = "temp"
       , y = "mgt"
       , group = "nacl"
       , ylimits = c(0,10, 1)
       , ylab = "Mean germination time (days)"
       , xlab = "Temperature"
       , glab = "NaCl (MPa)"
       , sig = "sig"
       , error = "ste"
       , color = T
       )

mgt

Germination experiment with Prosopis juliflor under different osmotic potentials and temperatures. Bar graph for mean germination time in a factorial analisys.

You can add at each plot different arguments as the standard error, significance of the mean test, color, labels and limits. The resulted graphics are performed for publications and allows to insert math expression in the titles.

Cumulative analysis of germination

The cumulative analysis of the germination allows to observe the evolution of the germination process, being able to be expressed as the percentage of germination or with the relative germination.

In time analysis for NaCl


# data frame with percentage or relative germination in time by NaCl

git <- ger_intime(Factor = "nacl"
                  , SeedN = "seeds"
                  , evalName = "D"
                  , method = "percentage"
                  , data = fb
                  )

# data result

git %>% 
   head(10) %>% 
   kable(caption = "Cumulative germination by nacl factor")
Cumulative germination by nacl factor
nacl evaluation mean r std min max ste
0 0 0.000 16 0.0000000 0 0 0.0000000
0.5 0 0.000 16 0.0000000 0 0 0.0000000
1 0 0.000 16 0.0000000 0 0 0.0000000
1.5 0 0.000 16 0.0000000 0 0 0.0000000
2 0 0.000 16 0.0000000 0 0 0.0000000
0 1 92.500 16 9.4516313 68 100 2.3629078
0.5 1 57.250 16 35.5818306 12 96 8.8954576
1 1 14.500 16 12.9099445 0 40 3.2274861
1.5 1 0.375 16 0.8062258 0 2 0.2015564
2 1 0.000 16 0.0000000 0 0 0.0000000

Germination experiment with Prosopis juliflor under different osmotic potentials and temperatures. Line graph from cumulative germination under different osmotic potentials.


# graphic germination in time by NaCl

nacl <- git %>% 
   fplot(data = .
        , type = "line"
        , x = "evaluation"
        , y = "mean"
        , group = "nacl"
        , ylimits = c(0, 110, 10)
        , ylab = "Germination ('%')"
        , xlab = "Day"
        , glab = "NaCl (MPa)"
        , color = T
        , error = "ste"
        )
nacl

Germination experiment with Prosopis juliflor under different osmotic potentials and temperatures. Line graph from cumulative germination under different osmotic potentials.

In time analysis for temperature


# data frame with percentage or relative germination in time by temperature

git <- ger_intime(Factor = "temp"
                  , SeedN = "seeds"
                  , evalName = "D"
                  , method = "percentage"
                  , data = fb) 

# data result

git %>% 
   head(10) %>% 
   kable(caption = "Cumulative germination by temperature factor")
Cumulative germination by temperature factor
temp evaluation mean r std min max ste
25 0 0.0 20 0.00000 0 0 0.000000
30 0 0.0 20 0.00000 0 0 0.000000
35 0 0.0 20 0.00000 0 0 0.000000
40 0 0.0 20 0.00000 0 0 0.000000
25 1 20.1 20 31.25094 0 86 6.987922
30 1 40.1 20 45.10327 0 100 10.085399
35 1 45.2 20 44.09750 0 100 9.860501
40 1 26.3 20 37.31671 0 98 8.344270
25 2 48.6 20 45.07818 0 100 10.079787
30 2 62.4 20 45.70662 0 100 10.220310

Germination experiment with Prosopis juliflor under different osmotic potentials and temperatures. Line graph from cumulative germination under different temperatures.


# graphic germination in time by temperature

temp <- git %>% 
   fplot(data = .
        , type = "line"
        , x = "evaluation"
        , y = "mean"
        , group = "temp"
        , ylimits = c(0, 110, 10)
        , ylab = "Germination ('%')"
        , xlab = "Day"
        , glab = "Temperature"
        , color = F
        ) 
temp

Germination experiment with Prosopis juliflor under different osmotic potentials and temperatures. Line graph from cumulative germination under different temperatures.

Using ggplot2

As the function fplot() is build using ggplot2 (Wickham et al., 2024). You can add more arguments for modify the graphics adding +.


library(ggplot2)

git <- ger_intime(Factor = "temp"
                  , SeedN = "seeds"
                  , evalName = "D"
                  , method = "percentage"
                  , data = fb
                  ) 

ggplot <- git %>% 
   fplot(data = .
        , type = "line"
        , x = "evaluation"
        , y = "mean"
        , group = "temp"
        , ylimits = c(0, 110, 10)
        , ylab = "Germination ('%')"
        , xlab = "Day"
        , glab = "Temperature"
        , color = T
        ) +
  scale_x_continuous(n.breaks = 10, limits = c(0, 11)) 

ggplot

References

Wickham, H., Chang, W., Henry, L., Pedersen, T. L., Takahashi, K., Wilke, C., Woo, K., Yutani, H., Dunnington, D., & van den Brand, T. (2024). ggplot2: Create elegant data visualisations using the grammar of graphics. https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org